AO1 Most multiculturalists see diversity as more than a fact of life; it is of real value to society. AO2 Most multiculturalists agree that diversity brings vibrancy to society, drives progress and promotes cross cultural toleration and understanding (Modood). [IJ] Showing a united view that multiculturalism has real value for society. AO1 Most multiculturalists agree that a diverse society is important for culture and identity. AO2 Most multiculturalists hold a consistent view that a diverse society means groups and individuals (Kymlicka) can celebrate their identity. The public recognition and respect of their culture (Taylor) is important so that they feel part of the wider community. [IJ] Showing a united view within multiculturalism that a diverse society is important so that everyone can feel part of the wider community. AO1 Most multiculturalists take a view that a diverse society counters marginalisation and oppression and reject the idea of assimilation. AO2 Most multiculturalists take a view that a diverse society ensures cultural recognition and counters marginalisation and oppression, allowing individuals to integrate into wider society (Modood) whilst rejecting the view that individuals should assimilate into the dominant culture in society. [IJ] Showing a united view that diversity helps counter oppression and supports integration into society.

AO1 There is no consistent view between cosmopolitan multiculturalists and the rest of multiculturalism over diversity in society. AO2 Cosmopolitan multiculturalists support diversity to allow individuals to pick and mix from different cultures till cultural differences dissolve into one single identity and culture creating a global, cosmopolitan society rather than valuing cultural diversity as a good in itself that enables multicultural integration (Parekh). [IJ] Showing a clear division over diversity in society within multiculturalism. AO1 There is no consistent view of how far diversity and tolerance in society should extend between liberal and pluralist multiculturalists. AO2 Whilst liberal multiculturalists support a form of shallow diversity and do not extend tolerance to values/beliefs that are intolerant, pluralist multiculturalists support deep diversity (Parekh) and oppose liberalism universalism in society or support the ideas of value pluralism (Berlin). [IJ] Showing division within multiculturalism about how far diversity and tolerance should extend in society. AO1 There are disagreements over the reasons to support a diverse society. AO2 For liberal multiculturalists, diversity is about ensuring the individual has autonomy (Kymlicka), whilst for pluralists, diversity is a value in and of itself (Parekh). [IJ] Showing there is not a united view over the value of diversity in society.